New personalised platform to help advance medicine research for cancer

The findings of a recent study feature a new personalised platform developed by the Cleveland Clinic researchers. This personalised platform will help in accelerating genome-informed drug therapies for cancer mutations and advanced research on genomic medicines.

The findings of a recent study featured a new personalised platform developed by the Cleveland Clinic researchers. This personalised platform will help in accelerating genome-informed drug therapies for cancer mutations and advanced research on genomic medicines.

Known as My Personal Mutanome (MPM), the platform features an interactive database that provides insight into the role of disease-associated mutations in cancer and prioritises mutations that may be responsive to drug therapies. The study was published in the journal Genome Biology.

"Although advances in sequencing technology have bestowed a wealth of cancer genomic data, the capabilities to bridge the translational gap between large-scale genomic studies and clinical decision making were lacking," said Feixiong Cheng, Ph.D., assistant staff in Cleveland Clinic's Genomic Medicine Institute, and the study's lead author.

"MPM is a powerful tool that will aid in the identification of novel functional mutations/genes, drug targets, and biomarkers for cancer, thus accelerating the progress towards cancer precision medicine," added Dr Cheng.

Using clinical data, the researchers integrated nearly 500,000 mutations from over 10,800 tumor exomes (the protein-coding part of the genome) across 33 cancer types to develop the comprehensive cancer mutation database. They then systematically mapped the mutations to over 94,500 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and over 311,000 functional protein sites (where proteins physically bind with one another) and incorporated patient survival and drug response data.

The platform analyses the relationships between genetic mutations, proteins, PPIs, protein functional sites, and drugs to help users easily search for clinically actionable mutations. The MPM database features three interactive visualisation tools that provide two- and three- dimensional views of disease-associated mutations and their associated survival and drug responses.

The results from another study published in Nature Genetics, a collaboration between Cleveland Clinic and several other institutions, motivated the team to develop the platform.

Previous studies have linked disease pathogenesis and progression to mutations/variations that disrupt the human interactome, the complex network of proteins, and PPIs that influence cellular function. Mutations can disrupt the network by changing the normal function of a protein (nodetic effect) or by altering PPIs (edgetic effect).

Notably, in the Nature Genetics study, led by Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, the researchers found that disease-associated mutations were highly enriched where PPIs occurred. They also demonstrated PPI-altering mutations to be significantly correlated with drug sensitivity or resistance as well as poor survival rate in cancer patients.

Collectively, MPM enables a better understanding of mutations at the human interactome network level, which may lead to new insights in cancer genomics and treatments and ultimately help realise the goal of personalised care for cancer. The team will update MPM annually to provide researchers and physicians the most complete data available.

"Our Nature Genetics study also demonstrates the effects of mutations/variations in other diseases," said Dr Cheng.

Dr Cheng concluded, "As a next step, we are developing new artificial intelligence algorithms to translate these genomic medicine findings into human genome-informed drug target identification and precision medicine drug discovery for other complex diseases, including heart disease and Alzheimer's disease."

( With inputs from ANI )